Motorcycle riding is cornering!
Yea I know we were supposed to look at leaning the motorcycle. I think its of utmost importance that we first know how to turn a bike properly... So here we are.
The essence of motorcycle riding is cornering: many riders agree with that. You may keep enhancing your cornering skills
for the rest of your life, and you will probably never reach full perfection
(well, maybe with the exception of Valentino Rossi and Dani Pedrosa).
What kind of mistakes are often made in corners, and what is
the reason for those mistakes? What can you do about it? What is the perfect
line, and how do you find it? When do you brake, and what is the right speed
for a corner?
Reading about cornering is, of course, not enough: you will
have to practise, practise, and practise.
Here some tips on how to do that
So how do you ride through a corner?
Sometimes, everything seems to fit together. Without being
aware what you are doing, you choose the ideal line, you instinctively feel how
every corner will behave, and you ride with the right speed, in the right gear,
without thinking with hindsight that you could have had a higher speed, and you
never get the upsetting thought that your speed is too high for the corner.
Practise consciously
Counter intuitively, you get in the flow most easily when you
also try, from time to time, to be really conscious of what you do when
cornering.
In cornering, everything is important: how you look through
the corner in advance, how you plan your line, how you sit on the motorcycle,
how you start the corner, how you use the throttle and how you shift, how you
brake in advance, and sometimes, unfortunately, how you brake or swerve in the
corner itself.
Of course as earlier said, reading alone will not make you better in
cornering: you will have to practise, and learn to feel what happens.
But reading about cornering may help you there....
Looking
By far the most important thing to do to get your cornering
fluent, is, as always with motorcycle riding, *looking*.
Judge corners
You will have to learn to judge corners, in order to be able
to enter an unknown corner with the right entry speed, and in the right gear..
By looking far ahead, you can sometimes see corners long
before you have arrived there, and follow the line of the road by viewing trees
or lamp posts, even when you don't see the surface of the road.
Judging unknown corners gets better with experience, of
course, but to accelerate that learning process, it's always good to evaluate
what went wrong and why, when a certain corner surprised you somehow, or when
cornering didn't feel good. Try to think whether there were signs about the
corner that you missed.
Looking: where you want to go
In the corner itself, it's important to look where you want
to go, as always (so don't look at the lonely tree, but follow the line that
you want to ride, with your eyes). Always look *far ahead*.
Try to pay attention, in a corner, to the way the corner
behaves: tightening curves can be very treacherous. Keep track of the
"vanishing point": when it comes closer, the corner is tightening.
Looking: line through
the corner
The perfect line through a corner depends on where you ride: You should choose your line such that you can ride one
fluent line from the point where you lean in, and such that you are able to
accelerate easily throughout the corner (pull the throttle open gently).
What you can see
Outside the track, almost always your *vision* is the
limiting factor. Your line then will not be the line of optimal speed, but
of optimal vision.
Therefore, you split a corner in two:
Outside: You start the corner (lean in) where it starts, as
much as possible in the outside of the corner, and you make sure that, when
necessary, you have already braked and switched gears.
Before entering the corner, you should have the correct
speed, be in the correct gear, and have the throttle (slightly) turned on. Then
you lean in, and you stay in the outside of the corner.
Straight out: Somewhere in the corner you arrive at a point
from where you, from the outside where you still are, can ride on, in one line,
to the outside of the road through the inside of the curve.
To do that, you have to lean in again, and now you
accelerate out of the corner, via the inside of the corner, to the outside.
That way, you have maximum view all the time.
Looking: tightening corners
It is not always possible to judge corners before you enter
them. A nasty kind of corner is the one with a decreasing radius. Such a corner
starts easy but gets tighter.
Sometimes there are warning signs so you will not be taken
by surprise, but that's not always the case.
Corners with a decreasing radius are especially treacherous
because you will often not notice it until it is too late to react.
Vanishing point
You are able to notice such corners longer in advance, when
you, while in the corner, keep attention to the so-called "vanishing
point". It is the point at which the inner and outer side of the corner seem to
come together.
When you observe that your distance to the vanishing points
keeps getting bigger, everything is alright: the corner is widening up.
But when the vanishing points gets closer, you know that the
corner will get tighter. You still have time to decrease your speed with that
rear brake (gently of course), or to lean in more.
Oops, didn't see it coming
OK, but what to do when you forgot to observe the vanishing
point, and you are surprised, mid-corner, by a decreasing radius?
-> Push your
motorcycle to the inside, with your outside knee. Leaning in extra by pushing
against the inside steering handle is possible as well, but often, you have a
psychological barrier to do so in such a situation. Pushing with your knee is
easier then.
-> Use the rear
brake gently. You will not only decrease your speed, but the motorcycle will
turn a bit around its rear wheel so to speak, so you will turn more into the
corner. That's exactly what you need. Mind that you don't hit the rear brake
hard in panic!
In general, you will ride corners in such a way that there
still is the possibility to lean in more, on the street. After all, this is Lagos. It is almost impossible to ride to your limits.
Looking: negative camber corners
Positive camber: The ultimate form of positive camber is the wall of death.
The riders in there ride very tight corners without leaning in at all.
Sometimes, you ride through corners with a positive camber,
and you will notice that they are easier then they looked before you went in.
A positive camber makes you ride a curve while your
motorcycle holds a right angle to the road surface. The surface of a positive
camber corner goes upwards to the outside of a corner.
Negative camber: A corner with negative camber is the opposite: the outside
of the corner is lower than the inside.
That means that you have to lean in more than in the same
corner and the same speed when the surface of the road would be flat, or would
have a positive camber.
Often you don't see it in advance. You notice that the
corner seems tighter than it looked, while it isn't the radius of the turn that
is the cause.
Roundabouts: Roundabouts are often higher in the centre than at the
outside, so have a negative camber.
That has been done so that dirt or oil will stream to the
outside, while at the same time, traffic will be slowed down extra.
So, especially in the wet, try to keep in the inside at
roundabouts (less dirt there), and be prepared that you have to lean in more
than you would tell in advance, observing the corner.
Prepare: braking and changing gears
Being prepared: Before you enter a corner, you should be ready. You should
have the right speed (so you should have braked enough if necessary), and you
should have switched to the right gear.
The right gear is the one in which you ride through the
corner easily, and which allows you to accelerate out of the corner.
Practice: A good exercise to get a feeling for which gear suits which
corner, is to choose a stretch of the road where you know each corner, and
enter those corners one gear lower then you are used to, and again, with one
gear higher.
You will notice where you are in too high a gear because it
is hard to accelerate without switching to a lower gear, or when you use a too
low gear because it is hard to get the bike through the corner by gently
accelerating.
Take your time: Take your time to prepare for a corner. If you have to do
everything in the last moment, you will probably brake much harder, and enter
the turn with a much lower speed than you would if you would prepare longer in
advance.
If you really want to ride a certain distance in the
shortest possible time, you would have to prepare at the last moment, of
course. But even then, you are better off when you first make sure that
everything else is perfect, before you start working on braking and shifting
late.
If you take your time for the preparation, you can
concentrate on the corner itself.
Entering the corner: Leaning in
Leaning in: In fact, the word steering is the wrong word, because it has
the association of a steering wheel which you use to turn the wheels, like you
do in a car, to handle a corner. That is not the way it is.
A much better word is "lean in".
You start a corner by leaning your motorcycle. You lean
again in the point where you can ride out of the corner through the inside of
the corner to the outside.
How? How do you do that, lean your motorcycle in? It helps to
push with your weight, and it helps to push with your outside knee against the
tank. In a corner to the left, you push the bike leftward with your right
buttock; in a corner to the right you push the bike to the right with your left
buttock.
It also helps if you push against the inside handlebar. It
feels like you push that handlebar downward. (So, this is different from
"steering", because you only use the handlebars to lean your
motorcycle, and use your handlebars only indirectly to get your motorcycle to
ride a corner).
Counter-steering: If you ever come across the word "counter-steering"
(you probably will): this is what it is. Some explanations sound incredibly
confusing, but it's simple and clear.
When you push the motorcycle downward (or rather, when it
feels as if you're pushing it downward) through the handlebar, try to keep in
mind not to automatically sit straight up and round the corner
motocross-style.
It's better when you get used to lean with the motorcycle,
or lean a little bit inwards, because you have more ground clearance that way.
Only in very tight corners, motocross-style can be of use,
because you are more in control, so it's more easy to push the motorcycle
farther or less far into the corner.
In the corner: the throttle
In the corner: on the throttle - The ideal situation is when you are able to turn on the
throttle, little by little, during the whole corner.
With the throttle on, and without pulling the clutch, your
motorcycle is much more stable than without the throttle or with a pulled-in
clutch. When you pull the clutch during a corner, your motorcycle will
"fall" to the inside.
Gently: During the first stretch of the corner, the stretch where
you keep to the outside, your use of the throttle is very gently.
Out of the corner: more throttle - At the point from where you can lean in further, from where
you can ride out of the corner, almost in a straight line, you can open the
throttle more.
Now you can accelerate out of the corner. The acceleration
will get your bike straight up again, which you need to ride in a straight line.
In the corner: Speed - Slow in, fast out
What you should know about speed in corners is very simple:
you enter them slowly and you go out fast.
Try to give your attention to the line through the corner,
and to the amount of throttle you give. Speed will come as a bonus that way.
In general, when you try to go as fast as possible, you end
up going less fast than when you concentrate on what matters ;-)
The right speed:
What is the right speed? There is only one correct answer:
the speed at which you feel comfortable.
Not off the throttle: If you notice, halfway, that you go off the throttle, then
your speed was too high (by the way, go off the throttle is not the right way
to lower your speed in a corner; it is an automatic reaction that often occurs
when your speed is higher than your comfort-speed).
If you notice that cornering doesn't go like you would like
it to go, that you can't find the right lines, that you make mistakes like
going off the throttle, than those are signs that you should enter corners at lower speeds.
Don't grab the handlebars: Other signs that you go faster than what is right for you,
is when you notice that you are holding your handlebars too tightly (you always
have to have a loose grip on the handlebars: your motorcycle should be able to
make small steering corrections by itself), or when you are fixating one point
(a tree or a lamppost).
Braking in a corner
Of course, you should always try to enter a corner with the
right entry speed. But here, we suppose you didn't quite succeed and you were
riding much too fast to your liking. Or you encounter a big truck in the
corner, and the road is very narrow, what should you do?
In the first place, try to keep in mind that letting off the
throttle is not the way to go. Somehow, that's what happens most easily, so
it's difficult to get rid of that habit.
Touch the back brake
When your speed is just a little bit too fast for feeling
comfortable, simply touch the back brake. Not hard of course, but just gently
touch it with your foot. Your motorcycle will steer even more into the corner
and will not try to straighten up, so touching the back brake is never a
problem for your line, and for cornering fluently.
Emergency Brake: front and clutch
But sometimes, you really have to BRAKE. A child might cross
the road, or a car pulls out from behind a hedge. In such a case, your back
brake won't help you.
Pull the clutch and use the front brake. Be careful, and keep pushing your bike into the corner (for
most people, the outer knee and outer buttock works best in this situation),
because your bike will try to straighten up (and thus steer out of the corner).
When you practise, you will be able to brake rather hard in
corners!
Polygon instead of a fluent line
The mistake that is made most often, in cornering, is not to
ride a fluent line, but showing a polygon instead, by dividing one corner into
a series of short corners. This mistake is made in different ways:
Start too early - It's possible, for instance, to start cornering too early.
Then your bike ends up near the side of the road, or on the part of the road for
the opposite direction, which forces you to steer out of the corner. But
because you still didn't finish the corner, you will have to steer into the
corner not much later, and the same process may start again.
Surprised by the corner - Another possibility is that you didn't look through the
entire corner before you started it. Then you may be surprised any moment by
the corner; you will have to make corrections any moment, and those steering
inputs will result in a line made up of several short lines in slightly
different directions.
When you observe these kind of mistakes, in yourself, it's
important to decide, before you enter a corner, which line to take, and
especially to look far ahead, and practise that.
Too fast? - There is no absolute speed for every corner: the right speed
varies from person to person, from motorcycle to motorcycle, from tyre to tyre,
and from day to day. When your name is Valentino Rossi, your maximum speed for
a certain corner will probably be higher then when you have a different name,
and when the weather is cold and wet, your maximum will be lower then in sunny
and dry circumstances.
So, the right speed is a combination of the motorcycle
(tyres, ground clearance, frame), the motorcycle rider (experience, mood,
awareness), and the circumstances (the road surface, the weather, the corner).
You entered a corner too fast if you:
-> Can't resist
the urge to brake during the corner,
-> Can't resist to
close the throttle during the corner,
-> Don't take the
corner at all, but instead ride straight on (that means that you didn't dare to
enter the corner at all) (and this scenario is pretty laughable).
When you notice that you tend to enter corners too fast,
read the inbound link piece about speed
on this page, and try to concentrate on the line through the corner instead of
on how fast (and related: how much leaned in) you take the corner.
In the end, you will go faster through corners than when you
keep trying to keep your speed up.
Too slow? - Lots of people see it as a mistake when they notice, when
having finished a corner, that they could have taken it with a higher speed. Is
taking a corner "too slow" really a mistake?
When you think about it, it's only a mistake when you see it
that way.
By concentrating on looking, and on the line through the
corner, you will, somewhere in the future, really get that higher speed. When
you enter a corner at a slower speed than might seem necessary with hindsight,
it only means that you needed the slower speed, and that is no mistake at all.
The complete picture
So what do you do, with stories, long gist, tips and clues?
Start slowly is the rule. Don't think about what
"they" will think about you.
Follow the line with your eyes: In the first place, make sure that when you enter a corner,
that your eyes already have followed the line that you want to follow through
the corner.
Be ready:In the second place, make sure that you are ready before the
corner. So make sure that you have braked or slowed down otherwise, that you
are in the right gear, and that your throttle is constant, with the speed that
you want to be the entry speed.
Lean in: Point three is entering the corner by leaning in, following
your virtual line, and in the meantime keep looking far ahead, staying at the
outside of the corner as long as possible.
Throttle: Point four is the throttle: you always give throttle while
in a corner. You will soon be at the point where you can lean in for the second
time, and you will be able to accelerate out of the corner.
From then on, you will be looking ahead for the next
corner...
Enjoy!
Aha! Lest you forget... Comment below. Thanks
